Well yeah suprise suprise here are some big flaws in nextcloud again. This time found by BSI (german infosec authority)
For none german readers the gist is: update to patch. What was vulnerable is the 2FA, External Storage Support, and File Share via Federation with some plain text passwords.
Afaik neither have properly implemented and good working e2ee.
These flaws have now been addressed. But yeah the way both are built (nc is a fork of occ) i would not rely on publically accessible instances. If you take other measures and know how too it may have a use case else just use a provider that actually uses e2ee so problems like these are less troublesome.
Owncloud Infinite Scale might be a more secure option due to its heavy use of memory safe language (mainly written in Go) and modern design. Unfortunately it does not have end-to-end encryption either and it’s not as battle tested and feature rich as Nextcloud.