Looks like a software that collects data from cell towers. So, idk what the claims/conclusions you made about GrapheneOS. Turning on Airplane mode on GrapheneOS can protect you from making network requests to cell towers and don’t plug in SIM cards.
I assume many GOS users are using a SIM card and don’t use always airplane mode. In this way the GOS users are giving away a lot of privacy just like regular android and iPhone users.
Many GOS users aren’t aware of this cell tower “leak”.
This is completely unrelated to grapheneOS or any mobile OS for that matter.
Also there is no new information in this at all. If you have access to fell tower data you can know where someone is. In a lot of countries this data is for sale, in others it is “only” accessible by providers, government and contractors.
To give you some more context. There are many services like nighthawk to do forensic intelligence on a lot of data. It’s just a platform to process all the data. Here is how that looks: