They would need to compromise the ISP, the cellular network or the router.
Keep the router up to date. Make sure the router firewall is enabled and blocks incoming connections. Make sure you use a good password for Wifi networks and are using either WPA2 or WPA3, prefereably WPA3 if your devices support it. This would prevent most attack vectors that target you specifically.
I don’t actually have a doctorate, I just generated the username and sort of went along with the first thing that happened to come up.
The router can’t effectively defend against the laptop if it has access to the main network. Putting it on a guest network can help protect the router but the information on the laptop is likely more valuable.
Keeping the system up to date and avoiding suspicious links is still one of the best ways to avoid getting compromised.
My understanding is that the information on most modern SIM cards is mostly useless without access to the ISP’s internal database.
In my case I want to have a network totally apart from my main home network.
That’s why I want to have another network with the SIM card. I like to do security tests and I want to do them all on the SIM network.
The laptop is exclusively for it, so I don’t have any important data inside. But I want to know if they can get any personal information from the SIM if the laptop gets infected with malware.
I don’t know for certain, but I don’t expect it to have anything on it useful to anyone other than the ISP. Maybe enough to clone it. The router might have login information relevant to the ISP account, usually in APN settings.
I wouldn’t count on it stopping the police from finding you.
But a criminal would need to have compromised a far more valuable target to make much use of it.
I’ve only ever done basic security testing, like breaking into my own Wifi network. But based on my experience security testing shouldn’t be putting your laptop at risk to begin with.