How private are my phone calls?

They are normally private enough.

Of course, with a valid court order, cellular service providers can always tap into any calls you’re having and even try to triangulate your location. So, yes - technically they do have the technical capacity and ability to record your calls but they don’t or won’t unless forced by law.

I would still try to have all my voice calls through Signal or other private and encrypted IM app, as much as possible.