The only way I know of at this time to prevent this type of fingerprinting with privacy-invasive apps on Android is to install them in separate profiles. Not very convenient, but worth it for some apps. For example, I have a separate profile for financial apps, a separate profile for social apps (Whatsapp, Telegram, FB Messenger), a separate profile for shopping apps (Amazon, etc.), etc… all apps I don’t use much and that have questionable privacy. Everything else is in my primary/main profile. But I’m not sure about Private Space… does anyone know in apps in Private Space can be seen by apps outside of Private Space?
Can’t be when locked (or stopped), and visible to some apps (like the Launcher / Media picker) in some scenarios (showing apps / sharing photos), when unlocked (or started).
Apps there are hidden (from other apps) only when Private Space is in the hidden state.
Private Space (docs) is also a Profile (which itself is a User). Only one Private Space exists on AOSP, though. Unsure if forks like CalyxOS/GrapheneOS support more than 1.