Here are some for sources to start with Android. Obviously I know these issues are not solved so I did a ctrl+c & ctrl+v.
DNS Leaks:
DNS traffic can leak outside the VPN tunnel on Android | Mullvad VPN
VPN leaks DNS traffic outside the tunnel [337961996] - Issue Tracker
Connectivity check leaks:
Android leaks connectivity check traffic | Mullvad VPN
Add option to disable connectivity checks when VPN lockdown is enabled [250529027] - Issue Tracker
GrapheneOS issued fix to these issues but not yet implemented in AOSP
Improved VPN leak blocking - GOS website