Is E2EE needed for self-hosting?

Hello, there is something I am confused about. I know for some services, Privacy Guides will recommend the self-hosted variant even if it doesn’t have E2EE.

My threat model does not include the possibility of someone accessing my server online or physically as I practice good security measures.

Is E2EE on a self-hosted server needed if you use encryption in transit (e.g TLS)? Is it a good practice, or is it overkill and unneeded for most? I ask because setting up encryption or finding alternate services that support self-hosted E2EE can often be difficult.

Well, that depends. Are you hosting on your own hardware or a VPS? If you are hosting on your own hardware, no E2EE is not required. In fact I would rather say it is quite redundant. All you are really trusting in this case with your data is yourself.

Now, on a VPS, this is a completely different story. They can see what is stored on that server, since it is their hardware. I would say for anything sensitive (like your photos, videos, etc.) use E2EE wherever you can. For anything you intentionally make public, you shouldn’t use E2EE (eg. a website).

I use a server in my home, so I guess it doesn’t matter. There are only two worries: physical access and digital access.

I don’t worry about physical access because who would rob a house and the first thing they grab is a server?

And for digital access, I suppose E2EE would be a safeguard if someone managed to hack into my server, but with good security I just don’t think it’s worth considering or worth the trouble. Thanks!

I’d say yes, E2EE should always be used if available even if it is just for your own self and on your own trusted hardware.

I’d agree that E2EE is best when you don’t trust the server it’s hosting on, or have a threat model where you believe there is a chance it may get breached (i.e. you punch holes in your own firewall and publicly expose your private server).

For a VPS, the threat model would be you wish to secure against your hosting provider. This may be a valid model, or perhaps it’s not as big of a concern for you.

Self hosting on a VPS is definitely better than hosting your data unencrypted on third party. But debating between having unencrypted dat on a VPS vs E2EE data third party.. more nuance is to be had.

That’s thread modeling - do you want to secure against a robber snagging your server? They may think it’s worth resealing. Or maybe a locked server is good enough.

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With all of that, I’d you don’t have a use case where unencrypted is better than E2EE, just use E2EE. At best it offers the same experience, at worst you’re more vulnerable to a slew of attack surfaces.

This does make sense to me, but I don’t feel as though it applies to my threat model.

Some services like Immich don’t support E2EE, and the alternatives don’t provide what I want.

You make a good argument, but to me, the benefit of using E2EE on my own server is negligible.

Because of this, I will keep comfortably using projects regardless of their support for E2EE.